Vue 的过渡系统提供了非常多简单的方法来设置进入、离开和列表的动效,那么对于数据元素本身的动效呢?比如:
- 数字和运算
- 颜色的显示
- SVG 节点的位置
- 元素的大小和其他的 property
这些数据要么本身就以数值形式存储,要么可以转换为数值。有了这些数值后,我们就可以结合 Vue 的响应性和组件系统,使用第三方库来实现切换元素的过渡状态。
状态动画与侦听器
通过侦听器我们能监听到任何数值 property 的更新。可能听起来很抽象,所以让我们先来看看一个使用 GreenSock 的例子:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.2.4/gsap.min.js"></script>
<div id="animated-number-demo">
<input v-model.number="number" type="number" step="20" />
<p>{{ animatedNumber }}</p>
</div>
const Demo = {
data() {
return {
number: 0,
tweenedNumber: 0
}
},
computed: {
animatedNumber() {
return this.tweenedNumber.toFixed(0)
}
},
watch: {
number(newValue) {
gsap.to(this.$data, { duration: 0.5, tweenedNumber: newValue })
}
}
}
Vue.createApp(Demo).mount('#animated-number-demo')
看看完整的DEMO:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>状态过渡 | Web176教程(web176.com)</title> <style> body { margin: 30px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="animated-number-demo"> <input v-model.number="number" type="number" step="20" /> <p>{{ animatedNumber }}</p> </div> <script src='https://unpkg.com/vue@next'></script> <script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.3.4/gsap.min.js'></script> <script> const Demo = { data() { return { number: 0, tweenedNumber: 0 } }, computed: { animatedNumber() { return this.tweenedNumber.toFixed(0) } }, watch: { number(newValue) { gsap.to(this.$data, { duration: 0.5, tweenedNumber: newValue }) } } } Vue.createApp(Demo).mount('#animated-number-demo') </script> </body> </html>
更新数字时,输入框下方会对更改设置动画效果。
动态状态过渡
就像 Vue 的过渡组件一样,用于支撑状态过渡的数据也可以实时更新,这对于原型设计十分有用!只需要对变量做一些修改,即使是一个简单的 SVG 多边形也可实现很多难以想象的效果。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>状态过渡 | Web176教程(web176.com)</title> <style> body { margin: 30px; } svg { display: block; } polygon { fill: #41b883; } circle { fill: transparent; stroke: #35495e; } input[type="range"] { display: block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 15px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="demo"> <svg width="200" height="200"> <polygon :points="points"></polygon> <circle cx="100" cy="100" r="90"></circle> </svg> <label>Sides: {{ sides }}</label> <input type="range" min="3" max="500" v-model.number="sides" /> <label>Minimum Radius: {{ minRadius }}%</label> <input type="range" min="0" max="90" v-model.number="minRadius" /> <label>Update Interval: {{ updateInterval }} milliseconds</label> <input type="range" min="10" max="2000" v-model.number="updateInterval" /> </div> <script src='https://unpkg.com/vue@next'></script> <script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.3.4/gsap.min.js'></script> <script> const defaultSides = 10; const stats = Array.apply(null, { length: defaultSides }).map(() => 100); const Demo = { data() { return { stats: stats, points: generatePoints(stats), sides: defaultSides, minRadius: 50, interval: null, updateInterval: 500 }; }, watch: { sides(newSides, oldSides) { var sidesDifference = newSides - oldSides; if (sidesDifference > 0) { for (var i = 1; i <= sidesDifference; i++) { this.stats.push(this.newRandomValue()); } } else { var absoluteSidesDifference = Math.abs(sidesDifference); for (var i = 1; i <= absoluteSidesDifference; i++) { this.stats.shift(); } } }, stats(newStats) { gsap.to(this.$data, this.updateInterval / 1000, { points: generatePoints(newStats) }); }, updateInterval() { this.resetInterval(); } }, mounted() { this.resetInterval(); }, methods: { randomizeStats() { var vm = this; this.stats = this.stats.map(() => vm.newRandomValue()); }, newRandomValue() { return Math.ceil(this.minRadius + Math.random() * (100 - this.minRadius)); }, resetInterval() { var vm = this; clearInterval(this.interval); this.randomizeStats(); this.interval = setInterval(() => { vm.randomizeStats(); }, this.updateInterval); } } }; Vue.createApp(Demo).mount("#demo"); function valueToPoint(value, index, total) { var x = 0; var y = -value * 0.9; var angle = ((Math.PI * 2) / total) * index; var cos = Math.cos(angle); var sin = Math.sin(angle); var tx = x * cos - y * sin + 100; var ty = x * sin + y * cos + 100; return { x: tx, y: ty }; } function generatePoints(stats) { var total = stats.length; return stats .map(function (stat, index) { var point = valueToPoint(stat, index, total); return point.x + "," + point.y; }) .join(" "); } </script> </body> </html>
把过渡放到组件里
管理太多的状态过渡会迅速增加组件实例的复杂度,幸好很多的动画可以提取到专用的子组件中。我们把之前的整数动画示例改写一下:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.2.4/gsap.min.js"></script>
<div id="app">
<input v-model.number="firstNumber" type="number" step="20" /> +
<input v-model.number="secondNumber" type="number" step="20" /> = {{ result }}
<p>
<animated-integer :value="firstNumber"></animated-integer> +
<animated-integer :value="secondNumber"></animated-integer> =
<animated-integer :value="result"></animated-integer>
</p>
</div>
JS代码:
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
firstNumber: 20,
secondNumber: 40
}
},
computed: {
result() {
return this.firstNumber + this.secondNumber
}
}
})
app.component('animated-integer', {
template: '<span>{{ fullValue }}</span>',
props: {
value: {
type: Number,
required: true
}
},
data() {
return {
tweeningValue: 0
}
},
computed: {
fullValue() {
return Math.floor(this.tweeningValue)
}
},
methods: {
tween(newValue, oldValue) {
gsap.to(this.$data, {
duration: 0.5,
tweeningValue: newValue,
ease: 'sine'
})
}
},
watch: {
value(newValue, oldValue) {
this.tween(newValue, oldValue)
}
},
mounted() {
this.tween(this.value, 0)
}
})
app.mount('#app')
我们看看完整的DEMO:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>状态过渡 | Web176教程(web176.com)</title> <style> body { margin: 30px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <input v-model.number="firstNumber" type="number" step="20"> + <input v-model.number="secondNumber" type="number" step="20"> = {{ result }} <p> <animated-integer :value="firstNumber"></animated-integer> + <animated-integer :value="secondNumber"></animated-integer> = <animated-integer :value="result"></animated-integer> </p> </div> <script src='https://unpkg.com/vue@next'></script> <script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.3.4/gsap.min.js'></script> <script> const app = Vue.createApp({ data() { return { firstNumber: 20, secondNumber: 40 } }, computed: { result() { return this.firstNumber + this.secondNumber } } }) app.component('animated-integer', { template: '<span>{{ fullValue }}</span>', props: { value: { type: Number, required: true } }, data() { return { tweeningValue: 0 } }, computed: { fullValue() { return Math.floor(this.tweeningValue) } }, methods: { tween(newValue, oldValue) { gsap.to(this.$data, { duration: 0.5, tweeningValue: newValue, ease: 'sine' }); } }, watch: { value(newValue, oldValue) { this.tween(newValue, oldValue) } }, mounted() { this.tween(this.value, 0) }, }) app.mount('#app') </script> </body> </html>
现在我们可以使这些子组件与多个状态相组合。这让人感到兴奋——我们能在组件中结合使用这一节讲到各种过渡策略和 Vue 内建的过渡系统。总之,对于完成各种过渡动效几乎没有阻碍。
你可以看到我们如何使用它进行数据可视化、物理效果、角色动画和交互,一切都没有限制。
赋予设计以生命
动画效果可以栩栩如生。不幸的是,设计师创建图标、logo 和吉祥物的时候,他们交付的通常都是图片或静态的 SVG。所以,虽然 GitHub 的章鱼猫、Twitter 的小鸟以及其它许多 logo 类似于生灵,它们看上去实际上并不是活着的。
Vue 可以帮到你。因为 SVG 的本质是数据,我们只需要准备好这些生物兴奋、思考或警戒的样例。然后 Vue 就可以辅助完成这几种状态之间的过渡动画,来制作你的欢迎页面、加载指示和更加带有情感的通知提示。
Sarah Drasner 展示了下面这个根据时间和交互变化发生状态改变的 demo:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>状态过渡 | Web176教程(web176.com)</title> <style> body { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; background: #23a9e0; cursor: url('https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/28963/cockroach%20(2).ico'), default; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } #app { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; } svg { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; max-height: 400px; margin-left: 20vw; } p { font-size: 16px; color: white; text-align: center; } .isFlipped { transform: scaleX(-1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; } #leftarm { transform-origin: 100% 0; } @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { svg { max-height: 200px !important; margin-left: 0 !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <div id="app" @mousemove="coordinates"> <p>Move your mouse or tap</p> <svg id="walle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.4 129.4"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-path" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <circle cx="140.5" cy="978.2" r="4.3" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-2" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M148.5,976.5s1.3,5.2-3.2,6.7l3.4,3.6,9.3-2.1-5-8.3Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-3" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <circle cx="155.8" cy="983.6" r="4.3" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-4" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M130.4,1007.6s1.3-.4,1.9.7a1.5,1.5,0,0,1-.3,1.8c-.2.3-4.5,2.9-4.5,2.9l-20.6,13.7-3.5-6.4Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-5" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M150.6,1000s1.4.3,1.3,1.5a1.5,1.5,0,0,1-1.1,1.5c-.3.2-5.3.5-5.3.5l-24.6,2.3v-7.3Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> </defs> <g id="Layer_3" data-name="Layer 3"> <ellipse id="shadow" cx="71.5" cy="100.4" rx="26.5" ry="3.6" fill="#394848" opacity="0.35"/> </g> <g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"> <g class="head" v-bind:class="{isFlipped: flip}"> <g id="neck"> <g id="neckb"> <path d="M157.8,995.6a2.6,2.6,0,1,1-4.1-2.2,6.1,6.1,0,0,0-1.7-.3c-1-.2-.9-1.3-.8-1.8a1.6,1.6,0,0,1-.5-1.2,1.7,1.7,0,1,1,3.4,0,1.6,1.6,0,0,1-.5,1.2,5.8,5.8,0,0,0,1.7,1.8A2.6,2.6,0,0,1,157.8,995.6Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="70.6" cy="65.6" r="0.9" fill="#636767"/> <circle cx="73.3" cy="71.2" r="1.6" fill="none" stroke="#636767" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="0.5"/> </g> <g id="neckf"> <path id="wire" d="M147.3,989.3s-2-1.9-.7-3.2l3.4-3.7.3.9s-2.6,2.5-3.2,3.3.9,2.5.9,2.5Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848"/> <path fill="#a2b2b3" d="M64.6 67.1L65.3 67.6 69.3 67.5 69.6 67 64.6 67.1z"/> <path d="M149.8,983.4l.2,2.6-1.9,2.3-1.7.2s-2.5,1.9.3,3.1h4.8s-1.9-2,.5-2.8l-1.5-.2,2.4-2.3L152,983Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> <path d="M147,992l4.1-.2,1.1,1.3h2.1a3,3,0,0,0-1.7,2.4h-7.6a2.6,2.6,0,0,1,2.3-2.6Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> </g> </g> <g id="eyecontain"> <g id="eyes" :style="{ transform:`translate3d(${x}px, ${y}px, 0)`}"> <g id="lefteye"> <path id="lefteyeb2" d="M143.8,972.7l-6.1,1.1a6.2,6.2,0,0,0-4.1,8s2.3,4.4,6.6,3.7l5.4-.6a5.7,5.7,0,0,0,4.4-6l-.6-4.1S148.7,971.8,143.8,972.7Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <path id="lefteyeb1" d="M145.1,972.1l-8.1,1s-5.8,1.6-4.1,7.3a4.9,4.9,0,0,0,5.6,3.4l5.4-.6s4.6-.8,4.4-5.4l-.6-4.6S147.9,971.6,145.1,972.1Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> <g id="lefteyeball"> <circle cx="58.7" cy="53.8" r="4.3" fill="#0c1112"/> <g clip-path="url(#clip-path)"> <circle id="ball" cx="59.7" cy="54.8" r="4.3" fill="#394848"/> </g> <circle id="glimmer" cx="61.5" cy="51.2" r="1.4" fill="#fff"/> </g> </g> <g id="eyespace"> <g clip-path="url(#clip-path-2)"> <circle cx="66.4" cy="56.1" r="3.6" fill="#f49123"/> </g> </g> <g id="righteye"> <path id="righteyeb2" d="M158.8,978.7l4.1,4.7a6.2,6.2,0,0,1-1.8,8.8s-4.5,2.1-7.4-1.2l-3.9-3.9a5.7,5.7,0,0,1,.2-7.4l3-2.8S155.5,974.9,158.8,978.7Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <path id="righteyeb1" d="M156.4,976l5.4,6.1s3.3,5-1.8,8.2a4.9,4.9,0,0,1-6.4-1.2l-3.7-4s-2.9-3.6.3-7l3.5-3.1S154.7,973.8,156.4,976Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> <g id="righteyeball"> <circle cx="74" cy="59.2" r="4.3" fill="#0c1112"/> <g clip-path="url(#clip-path-3)"> <circle id="ball-2" data-name="ball" cx="75" cy="60.2" r="4.3" fill="#394848"/> </g> <circle id="glimmer-2" data-name="glimmer" cx="74.7" cy="56.1" r="1.4" fill="#fff"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </g> <g class="body"> <g id="backwheel"> <path d="M149.9,1007.2l-4.8-.2s-.6-.2-2,1.2l-12.5,12.7s-1.4,2.3.3,3.5a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,3.1.8h7.1Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848"/> <path d="M152.4,1009.2s-2-4.6-6.5-.1l-11,11.2s-3.8,4.1,1.4,4.8h16.2s7.8.2,5.5-7.4Z" transform="translate(-81.8 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transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <path d="M147.2,1001.1l-4.3,1.1a1.6,1.6,0,0,0-1.1,2.1c.3,1.2,1,3.2,1,3.2" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="none" stroke="#636767" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="0.5" opacity="0.46"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vue/2.1.10/vue.min.js'></script> <script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/1.19.1/TweenMax.min.js'></script> <script> new Vue({ el: '#app', data() { return { startX: 0, x: 0, y: 0, flip: false, audioPlay: false, startArms: 0 } }, methods: { armsTL() { let tl = new TimelineMax(); tl.add('startarms') tl.to('#backhand', 2, { x: -16, rotation: 150, transformOrigin: '50% 50%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#rightarm', 2, { rotation: 30, transformOrigin: '100% 0' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#newrightarm', 2, { x: -94, y: -918, rotation: 10, transformOrigin: '100% 100%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#hand', 2, { x: -15, y: -7, rotation: 90, transformOrigin: '50% 50%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#leftarm', 2, { rotation: 20, transformOrigin: '100% 0' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#newleftarm', 2, { x: -100, y: -924, transformOrigin: '100% 100%' }, 'startarms'); return tl; }, coordinates(e) { const audio = new Audio('https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/28963/Whoa.mp3'), walleBox = document.getElementById('walle').getBoundingClientRect(), walleCoords = walleBox.width / 2 + walleBox.left; if (this.startArms == 0) { this.startArms = this.armsTL(); } this.y = e.clientY / 80 - 2; if (e.clientX > walleCoords) { this.x = -(e.clientX / 200); this.flip = true; if (this.audioPlay === false) { audio.play(); this.audioPlay = true; } } else { this.audioPlay = false; this.x = e.clientX / 200 - 5; this.flip = false; TweenMax.set("#righteyeb2", { scaleX: 1 + (1 - e.clientX / walleCoords) / 5 }); TweenMax.set("#lefteyeb2", { scaleX: 1 + (1 - e.clientX / walleCoords) / 5 }); TweenMax.set("#walle", { x: ((e.clientX / walleCoords) * 50) - 40 }); this.startArms.progress(1 - (e.clientX / walleCoords)).pause(); } }, }, mounted() { let tl = new TimelineMax({ repeat: -1, repeatDelay: 2 }); tl.add('redo') tl.to('#lefteye', 0.5, { rotation: 5, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '100% 50%', ease: Sine.easeOut }, 'redo'); tl.to('#righteye', 0.5, { rotation: -5, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '0% 30%', ease: Sine.easeOut }, 'redo+=0'); tl.fromTo('#lefteyeball', 0.05, { scaleY: 1 }, { scaleY: 0, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Circ.easeOut }, 'redo+=4'); tl.fromTo('#righteyeball', 0.05, { scaleY: 1 }, { scaleY: 0, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Circ.easeOut }, 'redo+=4'); tl.to('#eyecontain', 0.4, { rotation: -15, repeat: 1, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Sine.easeInOut }, 'redo+=2'); } }); TweenMax.to('p', 0.5, { opacity: 0, delay: 2, ease: Sine.easeIn }); </script> </body> </html>
作者:terry,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.web176.com/vue3/6212.html