MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准，用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型（而不是文件扩展名）来确定如何处理URL，因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确，浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容，网站将无法正常工作，并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。
语法
MIME 类型通用结构：
type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单，由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成，不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别，subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色：
- text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
- application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。
常见的 MIME 类型
- 超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html：text/html
- 普通文本 .txt： text/plain
- RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf
- GIF 图形 .gif： image/gif
- JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg
- au 声音文件 .au： audio/basic
- MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi
- RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio
- MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg
- AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo
- GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip
- TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar
| 类型 | 描述 | 典型示例 |
|---|---|---|
text | 表明文件是普通文本，理论上是人类可读 | text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript |
image | 表明是某种图像。不包括视频，但是动态图（比如动态gif）也使用image类型 | image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
audio | 表明是某种音频文件 | audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav |
video | 表明是某种视频文件 | video/webm, video/ogg |
application | 表明是某种二进制数据 | application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml, application/pdf |
MIME 对照表
| 媒体类型 | 文件扩展名 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| application/msword | doc | 微软 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 – 2004 document） |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document | docx | 微软 Office Word 文档格式 |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xls | 微软 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 – 2004 Workbook |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | xlsx | 微软 Office Excel 文档格式 |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt | 微软 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 – 2003 演示文稿） |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation | pptx | 微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式 |
| application/x-gzip | gz, gzip | GZ 压缩文件格式 |
| application/zip | zip, 7zip | ZIP 压缩文件格式 |
| application/rar | rar | RAR 压缩文件格式 |
| application/x-tar | tar, tgz | TAR 压缩文件格式 |
| application/pdf | PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称，即便携式文档格式 | |
| application/rtf | rtf | RTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所说的富文本格式 |
| image/gif | gif | GIF 图像格式 |
| image/jpeg | jpg, jpeg | JPG(JPEG) 图像格式 |
| image/jp2 | jpg2 | JPG2 图像格式 |
| image/png | png | PNG 图像格式 |
| image/tiff | tif, tiff | TIF(TIFF) 图像格式 |
| image/bmp | bmp | BMP 图像格式（位图格式） |
| image/svg+xml | svg, svgz | SVG 图像格式 |
| image/webp | webp | WebP 图像格式 |
| image/x-icon | ico | ico 图像格式，通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标 |
| application/kswps | wps | 金山 Office 文字排版文件格式 |
| application/kset | et | 金山 Office 表格文件格式 |
| application/ksdps | dps | 金山 Office 演示文稿格式 |
| application/x-photoshop | psd | Photoshop 源文件格式 |
| application/x-coreldraw | cdr | Coreldraw 源文件格式 |
| application/x-shockwave-flash | swf | Adobe Flash 源文件格式 |
| text/plain | txt | 普通文本格式 |
| application/x-javascript | js | Javascript 文件类型 |
| text/javascript | js | 表示 Javascript 脚本文件 |
| text/css | css | 表示 CSS 样式表 |
| text/html | htm, html, shtml | HTML 文件格式 |
| application/xhtml+xml | xht, xhtml | XHTML 文件格式 |
| text/xml | xml | XML 文件格式 |
| text/x-vcard | vcf | VCF 文件格式 |
| application/x-httpd-php | php, php3, php4, phtml | PHP 文件格式 |
| application/java-archive | jar | Java 归档文件格式 |
| application/vnd.android.package-archive | apk | Android 平台包文件格式 |
| application/octet-stream | exe | Windows 系统可执行文件格式 |
| application/x-x509-user-cert | crt, pem | PEM 文件格式 |
| audio/mpeg | mp3 | mpeg 音频格式 |
| audio/midi | mid, midi | mid 音频格式 |
| audio/x-wav | wav | wav 音频格式 |
| audio/x-mpegurl | m3u | m3u 音频格式 |
| audio/x-m4a | m4a | m4a 音频格式 |
| audio/ogg | ogg | ogg 音频格式 |
| audio/x-realaudio | ra | Real Audio 音频格式 |
| video/mp4 | mp4 | mp4 视频格式 |
| video/mpeg | mpg, mpe, mpeg | mpeg 视频格式 |
| video/quicktime | qt, mov | QuickTime 视频格式 |
| video/x-m4v | m4v | m4v 视频格式 |
| video/x-ms-wmv | wmv | wmv 视频格式（Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式） |
| video/x-msvideo | avi | avi 视频格式 |
| video/webm | webm | webm 视频格式 |
| video/x-flv | flv | 一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式 |
按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表
| 类型/子类型 | 扩展名 |
|---|---|
| application/envoy | evy |
| application/fractals | fif |
| application/futuresplash | spl |
| application/hta | hta |
| application/internet-property-stream | acx |
| application/mac-binhex40 | hqx |
| application/msword | doc |
| application/msword | dot |
| application/octet-stream | * |
| application/octet-stream | bin |
| application/octet-stream | class |
| application/octet-stream | dms |
| application/octet-stream | exe |
| application/octet-stream | lha |
| application/octet-stream | lzh |
| application/oda | oda |
| application/olescript | axs |
| application/pdf | |
| application/pics-rules | prf |
| application/pkcs10 | p10 |
| application/pkix-crl | crl |
| application/postscript | ai |
| application/postscript | eps |
| application/postscript | ps |
| application/rtf | rtf |
| application/set-payment-initiation | setpay |
| application/set-registration-initiation | setreg |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xla |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlc |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlm |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xls |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlt |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlw |
| application/vnd.ms-outlook | msg |
| application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore | sst |
| application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat | cat |
| application/vnd.ms-pkistl | stl |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pot |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pps |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt |
| application/vnd.ms-project | mpp |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wcm |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wdb |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wks |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wps |
| application/winhlp | hlp |
| application/x-bcpio | bcpio |
| application/x-cdf | cdf |
| application/x-compress | z |
| application/x-compressed | tgz |
| application/x-cpio | cpio |
| application/x-csh | csh |
| application/x-director | dcr |
| application/x-director | dir |
| application/x-director | dxr |
| application/x-dvi | dvi |
| application/x-gtar | gtar |
| application/x-gzip | gz |
| application/x-hdf | hdf |
| application/x-internet-signup | ins |
| application/x-internet-signup | isp |
| application/x-iphone | iii |
| application/x-javascript | js |
| application/x-latex | latex |
| application/x-msaccess | mdb |
| application/x-mscardfile | crd |
| application/x-msclip | clp |
| application/x-msdownload | dll |
| application/x-msmediaview | m13 |
| application/x-msmediaview | m14 |
| application/x-msmediaview | mvb |
| application/x-msmetafile | wmf |
| application/x-msmoney | mny |
| application/x-mspublisher | pub |
| application/x-msschedule | scd |
| application/x-msterminal | trm |
| application/x-mswrite | wri |
| application/x-netcdf | cdf |
| application/x-netcdf | nc |
| application/x-perfmon | pma |
| application/x-perfmon | pmc |
| application/x-perfmon | pml |
| application/x-perfmon | pmr |
| application/x-perfmon | pmw |
| application/x-pkcs12 | p12 |
| application/x-pkcs12 | pfx |
| application/x-pkcs7-certificates | p7b |
| application/x-pkcs7-certificates | spc |
| application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | p7r |
| application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7c |
| application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7m |
| application/x-pkcs7-signature | p7s |
| application/x-sh | sh |
| application/x-shar | shar |
| application/x-shockwave-flash | swf |
| application/x-stuffit | sit |
| application/x-sv4cpio | sv4cpio |
| application/x-sv4crc | sv4crc |
| application/x-tar | tar |
| application/x-tcl | tcl |
| application/x-tex | tex |
| application/x-texinfo | texi |
| application/x-texinfo | texinfo |
| application/x-troff | roff |
| application/x-troff | t |
| application/x-troff | tr |
| application/x-troff-man | man |
| application/x-troff-me | me |
| application/x-troff-ms | ms |
| application/x-ustar | ustar |
| application/x-wais-source | src |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | cer |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | crt |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | der |
| application/ynd.ms-pkipko | pko |
| application/zip | zip |
| audio/basic | au |
| audio/basic | snd |
| audio/mid | mid |
| audio/mid | rmi |
| audio/mpeg | mp3 |
| audio/x-aiff | aif |
| audio/x-aiff | aifc |
| audio/x-aiff | aiff |
| audio/x-mpegurl | m3u |
| audio/x-pn-realaudio | ra |
| audio/x-pn-realaudio | ram |
| audio/x-wav | wav |
| image/bmp | bmp |
| image/cis-cod | cod |
| image/gif | gif |
| image/ief | ief |
| image/jpeg | jpe |
| image/jpeg | jpeg |
| image/jpeg | jpg |
| image/pipeg | jfif |
| image/svg+xml | svg |
| image/tiff | tif |
| image/tiff | tiff |
| image/x-cmu-raster | ras |
| image/x-cmx | cmx |
| image/x-icon | ico |
| image/x-portable-anymap | pnm |
| image/x-portable-bitmap | pbm |
| image/x-portable-graymap | pgm |
| image/x-portable-pixmap | ppm |
| image/x-rgb | rgb |
| image/x-xbitmap | xbm |
| image/x-xpixmap | xpm |
| image/x-xwindowdump | xwd |
| message/rfc822 | mht |
| message/rfc822 | mhtml |
| message/rfc822 | nws |
| text/css | css |
| text/h323 | 323 |
| text/html | htm |
| text/html | html |
| text/html | stm |
| text/iuls | uls |
| text/plain | bas |
| text/plain | c |
| text/plain | h |
| text/plain | txt |
| text/richtext | rtx |
| text/scriptlet | sct |
| text/tab-separated-values | tsv |
| text/webviewhtml | htt |
| text/x-component | htc |
| text/x-setext | etx |
| text/x-vcard | vcf |
| video/mpeg | mp2 |
| video/mpeg | mpa |
| video/mpeg | mpe |
| video/mpeg | mpeg |
| video/mpeg | mpg |
| video/mpeg | mpv2 |
| video/quicktime | mov |
| video/quicktime | qt |
| video/x-la-asf | lsf |
| video/x-la-asf | lsx |
| video/x-ms-asf | asf |
| video/x-ms-asf | asr |
| video/x-ms-asf | asx |
| video/x-msvideo | avi |
| video/x-sgi-movie | movie |
| x-world/x-vrml | flr |
| x-world/x-vrml | vrml |
| x-world/x-vrml | wrl |
| x-world/x-vrml | wrz |
| x-world/x-vrml | xaf |
| x-world/x-vrml | xof |
按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表
| 扩展名 | 类型/子类型 |
|---|---|
| application/octet-stream | |
| 323 | text/h323 |
| acx | application/internet-property-stream |
| ai | application/postscript |
| aif | audio/x-aiff |
| aifc | audio/x-aiff |
| aiff | audio/x-aiff |
| asf | video/x-ms-asf |
| asr | video/x-ms-asf |
| asx | video/x-ms-asf |
| au | audio/basic |
| avi | video/x-msvideo |
| axs | application/olescript |
| bas | text/plain |
| bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
| bin | application/octet-stream |
| bmp | image/bmp |
| c | text/plain |
| cat | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
| cdf | application/x-cdf |
| cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| class | application/octet-stream |
| clp | application/x-msclip |
| cmx | image/x-cmx |
| cod | image/cis-cod |
| cpio | application/x-cpio |
| crd | application/x-mscardfile |
| crl | application/pkix-crl |
| crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| csh | application/x-csh |
| css | text/css |
| dcr | application/x-director |
| der | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| dir | application/x-director |
| dll | application/x-msdownload |
| dms | application/octet-stream |
| doc | application/msword |
| dot | application/msword |
| dvi | application/x-dvi |
| dxr | application/x-director |
| eps | application/postscript |
| etx | text/x-setext |
| evy | application/envoy |
| exe | application/octet-stream |
| fif | application/fractals |
| flr | x-world/x-vrml |
| gif | image/gif |
| gtar | application/x-gtar |
| gz | application/x-gzip |
| h | text/plain |
| hdf | application/x-hdf |
| hlp | application/winhlp |
| hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
| hta | application/hta |
| htc | text/x-component |
| htm | text/html |
| html | text/html |
| htt | text/webviewhtml |
| ico | image/x-icon |
| ief | image/ief |
| iii | application/x-iphone |
| ins | application/x-internet-signup |
| isp | application/x-internet-signup |
| jfif | image/pipeg |
| jpe | image/jpeg |
| jpeg | image/jpeg |
| jpg | image/jpeg |
| js | application/x-javascript |
| latex | application/x-latex |
| lha | application/octet-stream |
| lsf | video/x-la-asf |
| lsx | video/x-la-asf |
| lzh | application/octet-stream |
| m13 | application/x-msmediaview |
| m14 | application/x-msmediaview |
| m3u | audio/x-mpegurl |
| man | application/x-troff-man |
| mdb | application/x-msaccess |
| me | application/x-troff-me |
| mht | message/rfc822 |
| mhtml | message/rfc822 |
| mid | audio/mid |
| mny | application/x-msmoney |
| mov | video/quicktime |
| movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
| mp2 | video/mpeg |
| mp3 | audio/mpeg |
| mpa | video/mpeg |
| mpe | video/mpeg |
| mpeg | video/mpeg |
| mpg | video/mpeg |
| mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
| mpv2 | video/mpeg |
| ms | application/x-troff-ms |
| mvb | application/x-msmediaview |
| nws | message/rfc822 |
| oda | application/oda |
| p10 | application/pkcs10 |
| p12 | application/x-pkcs12 |
| p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| p7c | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
| p7m | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
| p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
| p7s | application/x-pkcs7-signature |
| pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
| application/pdf | |
| pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
| pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
| pko | application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
| pma | application/x-perfmon |
| pmc | application/x-perfmon |
| pml | application/x-perfmon |
| pmr | application/x-perfmon |
| pmw | application/x-perfmon |
| pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
| pot, | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
| pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| prf | application/pics-rules |
| ps | application/postscript |
| pub | application/x-mspublisher |
| qt | video/quicktime |
| ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
| ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
| ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
| rgb | image/x-rgb |
| rmi | audio/mid |
| roff | application/x-troff |
| rtf | application/rtf |
| rtx | text/richtext |
| scd | application/x-msschedule |
| sct | text/scriptlet |
| setpay | application/set-payment-initiation |
| setreg | application/set-registration-initiation |
| sh | application/x-sh |
| shar | application/x-shar |
| sit | application/x-stuffit |
| snd | audio/basic |
| spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| spl | application/futuresplash |
| src | application/x-wais-source |
| sst | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
| stl | application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
| stm | text/html |
| svg | image/svg+xml |
| sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio |
| sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc |
| swf | application/x-shockwave-flash |
| t | application/x-troff |
| tar | application/x-tar |
| tcl | application/x-tcl |
| tex | application/x-tex |
| texi | application/x-texinfo |
| texinfo | application/x-texinfo |
| tgz | application/x-compressed |
| tif | image/tiff |
| tiff | image/tiff |
| tr | application/x-troff |
| trm | application/x-msterminal |
| tsv | text/tab-separated-values |
| txt | text/plain |
| uls | text/iuls |
| ustar | application/x-ustar |
| vcf | text/x-vcard |
| vrml | x-world/x-vrml |
| wav | audio/x-wav |
| wcm | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wdb | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wks | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wmf | application/x-msmetafile |
| wps | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wri | application/x-mswrite |
| wrl | x-world/x-vrml |
| wrz | x-world/x-vrml |
| xaf | x-world/x-vrml |
| xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
| xla | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xof | x-world/x-vrml |
| xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
| xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
| z | application/x-compress |
| zip | application/zip |
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