Docker 安装 Python

方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。

w3cschool@w3cschool:~$ mdkir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp

myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录

进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM buildpack-deps:jessie

# remove several traces of debian python
RUN apt-get purge -y python.*

# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
# > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and thats not OK.
ENV LANG C.UTF-8

# gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings <larry@hastings.org>" imported
ENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700D

ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1

# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value <VERSION>"
ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2

RUN set -ex 
        && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz 
        && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc 
        && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" 
        && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" 
        && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz 
        && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc 
        && mkdir -p /usr/src/python 
        && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz 
        && rm python.tar.xz 
        
        && cd /usr/src/python 
        && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 
        && make -j$(nproc) 
        && make install 
        && ldconfig 
        && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 
        && find /usr/local -depth 
                ( 
                    ( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests ) 
                    -o 
                    ( -type f -a -name *.pyc -o -name *.pyo ) 
                ) -exec rm -rf {} + 
        && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache

# make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist
RUN cd /usr/local/bin 
        && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install 
        && ln -s idle3 idle 
        && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc 
        && ln -s python3 python 
        && ln -s python3-config python-config

CMD ["python3"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
python              3.5              045767ddf24a        9 days ago          684.1 MB

方法二、docker pull python:3.5

查找Docker Hub上的python镜像

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker search python
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                        STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
python                         Python is an interpreted,...       982       [OK]       
kaggle/python                  Docker image for Python...         33                   [OK]
azukiapp/python                Docker image to run Python ...     3                    [OK]
vimagick/python                mini python                                  2          [OK]
tsuru/python                   Image for the Python ...           2                    [OK]
pandada8/alpine-python         An alpine based python image                 1          [OK]
1science/python                Python Docker images based on ...  1                    [OK]
lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi   Python with uWSGI                  1                    [OK]
orbweb/python                  Python image                       1                    [OK]
pathwar/python                 Python template for Pathwar levels 1                    [OK]
rounds/10m-python              Python, setuptools and pip.        0                    [OK]
ruimashita/python              ubuntu 14.04 python                0                    [OK]
tnanba/python                  Python on CentOS-7 image.          0                    [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为python,标签为3.5的镜像。

使用python镜像

在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python

print("Hello, World!");

运行容器

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker run  -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp  -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py

命令说明：

-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp

-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录

python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

输出结果：

Hello, World!